A biological treasure of the Mediterranean
The red coral (Corallium rubrum) is a species found almost exclusively in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in its western basin. It is one of the most emblematic organisms of the Mediterranean seabed, valued both for its beauty and for its ecological and cultural significance.
Today, red coral is confined to rocky cavities at intermediate depths, generally between 50 and 200 metres, where it finds suitable conditions: areas with permanent currents, dark caves and crevices that provide it with protection and food.
A low-light habitat of great biodiversity
In these communities of crevices, cave entrances and deep tunnels, light is greatly reduced, which means the algal component is very limited or even absent.
In its place, a rich community of invertebrate organisms develops, including bryozoans, sponges, ascidians, hydroids and polychaetes.
The degree of development of these communities depends largely on the availability of food carried by marine currents.
Beauty and fragility
The red coral community constitutes one of the most attractive and unique landscape units of the Mediterranean seabed. Its three-dimensional structure, intense colours and the diversity of associated organisms create an underwater landscape of great natural value.
At the same time, it is an especially fragile ecosystem, highly sensitive to human disturbance, making its protection and conservation essential to ensure its long-term survival.
